Gas burner with flame-guiding deflectors

ABSTRACT

A gas burner with two horizontal rows of nozzles has a deflector with a downwardly curved flame-guiding surface extending from the vicinity of the outlets of each row, below the path of the ignited gases discharged therefrom, to draw the flame aerodynamically along this surface and lower the flow direction of the gas for better distribution of the thermal effect upon a surrounding bank of boiler tubes. The deflectors are independently adjustable from without and are separated by a protective strip overhanging the lower row of nozzle outlets.

United States Patent [72] Invent SI- Teodor Petrescu; 2.381.803 8/1945 Breault 431/171 St. Gordie Petre Petrescu, both of 29811 19 6/1961 Alger v. 239/523 Tirgoviste, Romania 3,106,347 10/1963 Hayes. A. 239/507X QEPJ- 3 3 FOREIGN PATENTS i e ay [45] Patented Juneswn 1,151,631 2/1958 France 431/171 [73] Assignee lntreprinderea Judeteana APA, Primary Examiner-Edward G. Favors CANAL, GAZE, Tirgoviste, Attorney-Karl F. Ross Bucuresti, Rongania [54] GAS BURNER WITH FLAME-GUIDING DEFLECTORS 10 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.

ABSTRACT: A gas burner with two horizontal rows of nozzles [52] 11.8. CI 431/171, has a d fl with a downward), Curved fl idi 239513139521 face extending from the vicinity of the outlets of each row, [51] hit. Cl F23m 9/06 below the path of the ignited gases discharged therefrom to [50] Fleld of Search 431/171, 8, d the fl aerodyhamicahy along i surface and lower 347; 1 10/97; 239/505, 507, 509, 510, 523, 521. 513 the flow direction of the gas for better distribution of the thermal effect upon a surrounding bank of boiler tubes. The [56] References cued deflectors are independently adjustable from without and are UNITED STATES PATENTS separated by a protective strip overhanging the lower row of 1,676,501 7/1928 Mours 431/171 nozzle outlets.

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k x l PATENTEU JUN 8 :97: 3,583 847 sum 1 UF 2 ST 'ILODOR PLTRESC U ST G0 RDI E P PIS'IRESC U INVENTOR My? v BY J ATTORNEY PATENTEU JUN 8 1971 3; 583 Q 847 sum 2 BF 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY GAS BURNER WITII FLAME-GUIDING DEFLECTORS Our present invention relates to a burner designed to direct a flame upon the whole heating surface of a boiler.

Conventional burners with one or two rows of nozzles, through which the combustion gas enters into the boiler, have the drawback that the flame has the tendency to rise to the top, especially in boilers where the initial discharge is at an elevated level, i.e. in the upper part of the boiler chamber whence the gas is rapidly exhausted toward the flue.

Thus, the heating elements in the lower and the lateral parts of the boiler are not subjected to the heating action of the flame, which leads on the one hand to a decreased thermal efficiency of the boiler and on the other hand to excessive thermal stress on some of the heating elements in its upper region.

The object of out invention is to provide a burner free from those drawbacks.

In our improved boiler, the flame issuing from the nozzles is directed toward the lower part of the combustion chamber, toward the heating elements positioned there, with the aid of at least one curved deflector of sheet steel forming an upwardly convex flame-guiding surface which starts just below the nozzle outlet and curves away from the nozzle axis beyond that outlet. These guide surfaces, by well-known aerodynamic principles, cause the gas flow to follow their downward curvature over their entire length.

The deflector or deflectors, being hinged to the nozzle structure in the vicinity of the respective outlets, can be adjusted from without by associated thrust rods bearing upon their concave undersides.

An embodiment of our invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a boiler equipped with a gas burner according to the invention; and

lFlG. 2 is a perspective view of the burner forming part of the assembly of FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, we have illustrated a steel boiler with a bank of tubes 2 which are heated by a burner l more clearly shown in FIG. 2. Burner 1 has a set of nozzles arrayed in an upper row 11 and a lower row 12, the gas supply to these nozzles being controlled by a valve 7. An exhaust port 8, leading to a chimney not shown, extends below the boiler tubes 2.

Ordinarily, without the improvement described below, the flame issuing from the nozzles II, 12 would rise toward the central upper region of the tube bank as indicated in dotted lines in FIG. I, with resulting uneven distribution of their heating effect. In accordance with the present invention, we provide a pair of downwardly curved deflectors 3 and 4 hingedly mounted just below the outlets of each row of nozzles; the deflectors are swingable about horizontal pivotal axes parallel to these outlets, the swing axis of the upper deflector II having been indicated at d in FIG. 2. The proximity of these deflectors to the gas flow, and the curving of their convex upper surfaces away from the nozzle axes, creates a pressure differential which causes the ignited gas stream to hug these convex surfaces and to follow a path indicated in full lines in FIG. 1. Thus, the flame spreads substantially evenly over the lower reaches of the tubes 2, their thermal radiation heating the upper reaches at the same time. The effects of dispersion and updraft also result in a rise of the flame along the lateral boiler walls until the burned gases are exhausted through the port 8 to the chimney.

The orientation of the guide surfaces formed by the curved plates 3 and 4 can be adjusted with the aid of respective threaded rods and 6, guided in rings c, which threadedly engage nuts 10 welded laterally to the burner structure 1. With the aid of knobs a and b, these rods can be rotated with their tips upon the undersides of deflectors 3 and 4 for raising or lowering them into a desired position.

The upper deflector 3 has a shallower curvature than the lower deflector 4 in order to protect it from overheating by the flame of nozzles I2. A metallic strip 9, overhanging the latter nozzles, serves as a thermal shield for the deflector 3. As clearly seen in FIG. 2, the width of each plate 3, 4 equals that of the elongated discharge and of the corresponding row of nozzles 11, I2.

The burner according to the invention offers the following advantages:

It can be easily realized, and can be applied to all boilers of thermal power stations, especially those having sectional boilers with steel tubes;

The flame in the boiler can be adjusted from the outside;

the surface of the elements in contact with the flame is increased by 35 percent as compared with conventional constructions (see FIG. I);

the partial vacuum created at the guide surfaces greatly increases (up to 20 times) the flow of entrained ambient fluid (oil) through the nozzles;

the effect of thermal radiation is increased, owing to dispersion of the flame over the bottom and side elements of the boiler, with heating of the water in the lower tube sections of the boiler to percent C, resulting in a uniform and constant water temperature in the entire conduit system;

the increased combustion time and better utilization of the available space enhances the thermal efficiency of the boiler by minimizing the discharge of unburned gases through the chimney;

elimination of the concentration of the flame upon a limited area in the upper part of the boiler (see FIG. 1) prevents localized boiling of the water, caused by temperatures higher than C, which would interfere with a bad water circulation and lead to increased deposition of boiler sludge, tube clogging and overheating.

Our invention thus offers considerable economic advantages through reduction of gas consumption, increased boiler efficiencyand prolonged service life for the boilers of central heating plants of apartment houses.

We claim:

1. In a gas burner having nozzle means for the discharge of a stream of ignitable gas along a nozzle axis, the combination therewith of deflector means forming at least one flame-guid ing surface extending from the vicinity of the discharge end of said nozzle means in the general flow direction of the gas while curving away from said nozzle axis to an extend enabling aerodynamic entrainment of the ignited gas along said surface.

2. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said deflector means comprises at least one plate hingedly mounted on said nozzle means at said discharge end and adjustment means for varying the orientation of said plate with reference to said nozzle axis.

3. The combination defined in claim 2 wherein said plate has a concave side facing away from said nozzle axis, said adjustment means comprising a thrust rod bearing upon said concave side.

4. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle means comprises an array of nozzles forming at least one horizontal row, said deflector means being disposed below the outlet of said nozzles, said flame-guiding surface being upwardly convex.

5. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle means comprises an array of closely juxtaposed nozzles forming a horizontal upper row and a horizontal lower row parallel to each other, said deflector means comprising a pair of downwardly curved plates each extending from the nozzles of a respective row just below the outlets thereof.

6. The combination defined in claim 5 wherein the plate extending from said upper row has a shallower curvature than the plate extending from said lower row.

7. The combination defined in claim 5 further comprising thermal shield means interposed between said plates.

8. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said shield means comprises a protective strip on said lower row of nozzles overhanging the outlets thereof.

9. The combination defined in claim 5 wherein said plates are hingedly connected with the respective rows of nozzles for swinging about respective horizontal axes parallel to said rows, further comprising adjustment means for varying the inclination of said plates.

I0. The combination deflned in claim 9 wherein said adjustment means comprises a pair of independently operable thrust rods bearing upon the undersides of said plates. 

1. In a gas burner having nozzle means for the discharge of a stream of ignitable gas along a nozzle axis, the combination therewith of deflector means forming at least one flame-guiding surface extending from the vicinity of the discharge end of said nozzle means in the general flow direction of the gas while curving away from said nozzle axis to an extend enabling aerodynamic entrainment of the ignited gas along said surface.
 2. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said deflector means comprises at least one plate hingedly mounted on said nozzle means at said discharge end and adjustment means for varying the orientation of said plate with reference to said nozzle axis.
 3. The combination defined in claim 2 wherein said plate has a concave side facing away from said nozzle axis, said adjustment means comprising a thrust rod bearing upon said concave side.
 4. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle means comprises an array of nozzles forming at least one horizontal row, said deflector means being disposed below the outlet of said nozzles, said flame-guiding surface being upwardly convex.
 5. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle means comprises an array of closely juxtaposed nozzles forming a horizontal upper row and a horizontal lower row parallel to each other, said deflector means comprising a pair of downwardly curved plates each extending from the nozzles of a respective row just below the outlets thereof.
 6. The combination defined in claim 5 wherein the plate extending from said upper row has a shallower curvature than the plate extending from said lower row.
 7. The combination defined in claim 5 further comprising thermal shield means interposed between said plates.
 8. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said shield means comprises a protective strip on said lower row of nozzles overhanging the outlets thereof.
 9. The combination defined in claim 5 wherein said plates are hingedly connected with the respective rows of nozzles for swinging about respective horizontal axes parallel to said rows, further comprising adjustment means for varying the inclination of said plates.
 10. The combination defined in claim 9 wherein said adjustment means comprises a pair of independently operable thrust rods bearing upon the undersides of said plates. 